49 Hubert D. Zając Computer Vision News Computer Vision News Further, I underscore the importance of attending to the pre-labelling phase in dataset creation (Zając & Avlona et al. 2023, AIES ‘23). Particularly, I highlight how external and internal factors: regulatory constraints, the context of creation and use, commercial and operational pressures, epistemic differences, and limits of labelling condition the type of data that could be collected, the purpose for which it could be used, and the design of the labels. These fundamental decisions have consequences for shaping the design space of future AI-based systems that use such datasets. Next, I propose five visions for AI support grounded in practical challenges of chest X-ray practice faced across clinical contexts. The visions include distributing examinations by user's expertise, detecting medical emergencies, providing decision support on subtle and difficult cases, measuring visual features and comparing changes across historical examinations, and double-checking reports against radiographs for missed or misinterpreted findings. These visions transcend functionalities traditionally emerging from technologycentred innovation processes and offer nuanced insights into potential AI applications in radiology. Finally, I delineate how AI-based systems should be configured both before and in use to realize previous visions in practice (Zając et al. 2024, DIS ‘24). The purpose of the configuration is to align the technical dimensions of AI-based systems with clinical needs that depend on social dimensions of clinical practice. The social dimensions span medical knowledge, clinic type, user expertise level, patient context, and user situation. The technical dimensions of AI comprise medical focus, functionality, decision threshold, and explainability methods. By ensuring alignment between these dimensions, AI-based systems can deliver value in concrete situations for concrete medical professionals in clinical practice. Figure 2: A collage of design-focused fieldwork in Denmark and Kenya.
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