Computer Vision News 26 Ai for Urology the planning part: the surgeon can look at the CT and select – based on his/her experience – the best way to puncture, from which part of the body and to which calix. The choice lays with the expert, which AI can assist but not replace, of course. AI algorithms can also help during the procedure itself. Using special tools, it can show where the needle is, where the calices are, and whether the trajectory is correct according to the plan. It is crucial that the needle is inserted into the right calix. When the surgeon uses fluoroscopy, computer vision analysis sees the needle from different angles and combines the views into one and conveniently communicates this information to the surgeon, assisting him/her to make sure that the access is done correctly. When the surgeon uses ultrasound, the image is not straightforward to interpret. In this case too, AI assists the surgeon to make informed choices. How AI does this? There are a few tools that can be built using AI. The first one is segmentation of the region, of the needle, of the kidney
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